BLOG 10 : Chapter 20 - Collapse at the Center (World War, Depression, and the Rebalancing of Global Power)
Sam Pastol
Chapter 20 - Collapse at the Center (World War, Depression, and the Rebalancing of Global Power) 1914 - 1970s
WORLD WAR
The First World War: European Civilization in Cris, 1914-1918
This first part is divided into two little chapters: An Accident Waiting to Happen and Legacies of the Great War.
An Accident Waiting to Happen:
"Europe's modern transformation and it's global ascendancy were certainly not accompanied by a growing unity or stability among its own peoples - quite the opposite." (STRAYER pg.882)
The arrival on the international scene of a powerful and rapidly industrializing Germany, seeking its "place in the sun," was a disruptive new element in European political life, especially for the more established powers, such as Britain, France and Russia. Europe was a good chess player when it came to competing nation-states in the West and some multi-ethnic empires in the East. Although these conflicts dramatically threaten Europe's overall power in the world.
Additionally, the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Serbian nationalists sparked the beginning of a war. This war is known as the World War 1. Now, the cause of World War 1 have been debated since it ended but a series of complex factors caused this war and this brutal assassination was part of it. This assassination created a war based upon alliances. These alliances had a big impact on how the war was and ended. Throughout Europe, people identified with their larger nation-state and often cheered the declaration of war against perceived enemy states. This popular support for war the First World War a unique moment in world history.
Another unique aspect of the drive toward war was the militarized culture of Europe. The army marched in good manners and wore uniforms. Compared to Britain, all states had a universal conscription for the armed forces. The British government told all women to shame men not in uniforms during the war. The state also possessed new industrialized forms of weapons and developed war plans. While the war could have been just an European affair, the colonial empires and global reach of European trade systems brought the war to Africa, China, and the Pacific.
Legacies of the Great War
The war was shocking for the world to watch. Most countries expected a short war that would be over within few months. However, the war quickly became a war of attrition rather than a quick war, where each side make each other bleed. Also, the war gave an introduction of new ways to kill resulting the death of million of people. The horror of the war led many to question European values and the legacy of the Enlightenment.
The war induced major changes in women's lives with many nations vine them the vote and new work of opportunities. Politically, the war redrew the map of Europe with numerous new states based on national identity in the east. Unfortunately, they often contained ethnic minorities within their boundaries and were unstable.
The Treaty of Versailles, 1919 is the treaty that ended the war. Germany lost 15 percent of its territory and all of its colonies. They were punished and blamed for the war and forced to pay a big amount of money. This only fostered great resentment within Germany and directly led to the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party.
The young Turk nationalist government had long been suspicious of the Armenians. He feared that they were working with the Russians so a camping of deportation and murder was launched against one million Armenians. That been said, many colonies were stunned by the slaughter in Europe.
+ Japanese expansion in China / + Rise of the United States
DEPRESSION
Capitalism Unraveling: The Great Depression
Prior to the Great Depression, capitalism had a mixed track record. While it did create the world's most impressive period of growth, wealth was far from evenly distributed, and many view the new culture of capitalism as a treat to their core values.
Additional main points:
+ Sudden unraveling of the economic system, 1929
+ Crisis of overproduction, international loans & stock speculations
+ Impact on global suppliers of raw materials and food
+ Import substitution industrialization in Latin America
+ Responses of the industrialized capitalist states
+ Stalin's USSR
Democracy Denied: Comparing Italy, Germany, and Japan
The Fascist Alternative in Europe
+ Celebration of violence & a charismatic leader
Parties used violence against their political opponents during power struggles, and fascists states used violence against their domestic and foreign enemies. This created a culture of violence in fascist movements and states.
+ Reactionary revolutionary
+ Anti-communist, Anti-democratic, Anti-feminist
+ Benito Mussolini & The Black Shirt
+ Fasces
+ Powerful centralized state
Hitler and the Nazis
+ Similarities to Mussolini and the Black Shirts
+ Economic disaster (political instability, unemployment and etc)
+ Racism, Anti-semitism, Anti-communism
+ Ant-Treaty of Versailles
+ Chancellor, 1933, & immediate attacks on opponents (Hitler, despite his revolutionary rants, was legally appointed chancellor in 1933.)
+ Anti-feminism & male sexuality
+ Support for Hitler (Despite the violence and social injustice, Hitler did enjoy much popular support.)
Japanese Authoritarianism
+ Economic growth, social tension & political repression in the 1920s
+ Impact of Great Depression
+ Radical Nationalism or the Revolutionary Right
+ Assassinations and a failed military coup
+ No single party or charismatic leader
+ Growth of rightist authoritarians within the government
+ Government action on the economy
+ Less repressive than Italy or Germany
Chapter 20 - Collapse at the Center (World War, Depression, and the Rebalancing of Global Power) 1914 - 1970s
WORLD WAR
The First World War: European Civilization in Cris, 1914-1918
This first part is divided into two little chapters: An Accident Waiting to Happen and Legacies of the Great War.
An Accident Waiting to Happen:
"Europe's modern transformation and it's global ascendancy were certainly not accompanied by a growing unity or stability among its own peoples - quite the opposite." (STRAYER pg.882)
The arrival on the international scene of a powerful and rapidly industrializing Germany, seeking its "place in the sun," was a disruptive new element in European political life, especially for the more established powers, such as Britain, France and Russia. Europe was a good chess player when it came to competing nation-states in the West and some multi-ethnic empires in the East. Although these conflicts dramatically threaten Europe's overall power in the world.
Additionally, the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Serbian nationalists sparked the beginning of a war. This war is known as the World War 1. Now, the cause of World War 1 have been debated since it ended but a series of complex factors caused this war and this brutal assassination was part of it. This assassination created a war based upon alliances. These alliances had a big impact on how the war was and ended. Throughout Europe, people identified with their larger nation-state and often cheered the declaration of war against perceived enemy states. This popular support for war the First World War a unique moment in world history.
Another unique aspect of the drive toward war was the militarized culture of Europe. The army marched in good manners and wore uniforms. Compared to Britain, all states had a universal conscription for the armed forces. The British government told all women to shame men not in uniforms during the war. The state also possessed new industrialized forms of weapons and developed war plans. While the war could have been just an European affair, the colonial empires and global reach of European trade systems brought the war to Africa, China, and the Pacific.
Legacies of the Great War
The war was shocking for the world to watch. Most countries expected a short war that would be over within few months. However, the war quickly became a war of attrition rather than a quick war, where each side make each other bleed. Also, the war gave an introduction of new ways to kill resulting the death of million of people. The horror of the war led many to question European values and the legacy of the Enlightenment.
The war induced major changes in women's lives with many nations vine them the vote and new work of opportunities. Politically, the war redrew the map of Europe with numerous new states based on national identity in the east. Unfortunately, they often contained ethnic minorities within their boundaries and were unstable.
The Treaty of Versailles, 1919 is the treaty that ended the war. Germany lost 15 percent of its territory and all of its colonies. They were punished and blamed for the war and forced to pay a big amount of money. This only fostered great resentment within Germany and directly led to the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party.
The young Turk nationalist government had long been suspicious of the Armenians. He feared that they were working with the Russians so a camping of deportation and murder was launched against one million Armenians. That been said, many colonies were stunned by the slaughter in Europe.
+ Japanese expansion in China / + Rise of the United States
DEPRESSION
Capitalism Unraveling: The Great Depression
Prior to the Great Depression, capitalism had a mixed track record. While it did create the world's most impressive period of growth, wealth was far from evenly distributed, and many view the new culture of capitalism as a treat to their core values.
Additional main points:
+ Sudden unraveling of the economic system, 1929
+ Crisis of overproduction, international loans & stock speculations
+ Impact on global suppliers of raw materials and food
+ Import substitution industrialization in Latin America
+ Responses of the industrialized capitalist states
+ Stalin's USSR
Democracy Denied: Comparing Italy, Germany, and Japan
The Fascist Alternative in Europe
+ Celebration of violence & a charismatic leader
Parties used violence against their political opponents during power struggles, and fascists states used violence against their domestic and foreign enemies. This created a culture of violence in fascist movements and states.
+ Reactionary revolutionary
+ Anti-communist, Anti-democratic, Anti-feminist
+ Benito Mussolini & The Black Shirt
+ Fasces
+ Powerful centralized state
Hitler and the Nazis
+ Similarities to Mussolini and the Black Shirts
+ Economic disaster (political instability, unemployment and etc)
+ Racism, Anti-semitism, Anti-communism
+ Ant-Treaty of Versailles
+ Chancellor, 1933, & immediate attacks on opponents (Hitler, despite his revolutionary rants, was legally appointed chancellor in 1933.)
+ Anti-feminism & male sexuality
+ Support for Hitler (Despite the violence and social injustice, Hitler did enjoy much popular support.)
Japanese Authoritarianism
+ Economic growth, social tension & political repression in the 1920s
+ Impact of Great Depression
+ Radical Nationalism or the Revolutionary Right
+ Assassinations and a failed military coup
+ No single party or charismatic leader
+ Growth of rightist authoritarians within the government
+ Government action on the economy
+ Less repressive than Italy or Germany
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